Monday, March 5, 2012

Faces, Voices, and Agency in Kantata Takwa

One of the figures in Prakosa's Kantata Tawka that interested me the most, especially given the nature of our class readings and discussions, was that of the young woman who appeared throughout the film. I wondered about her role in the narrative and how it was related to her gender. She contrasted sharply with the male characters by being passive when they were active. While they spoke eloquently or sang passionately, she was silent. Instead, she watched them and listened to them; indeed her main purpose seemed to be to serve as a witness to the events of the film. She did not intervene in the action and did not seem to have any particular side or standpoint in the characters' struggles "not to betray their consciences". Finally, near the end of the film, she witnessed the men's brutal murders, emphasized by extreme close-ups of her eyes, without any discernible emotional reaction.

What exactly is the purpose, I wondered, of putting in a character who does nothing but watch? Whose relationship to the action of the film is essentially no different from the viewer's? This is particularly interesting when we remember how many of the lesser characters in the film are masked: the villagers are masked, as is the judge-figure in the courtroom scene who actually changes masks several times. And, of course, the faceless villains of the piece wear gas masks, until one, cornered at the end, tears his off and dies. The idea of sight seems to me to be strongly linked to justice. Anonymity protects the unjust (the judge and the gas-masked soldiers) only temporarily, until justice unmasks them. The witness-figure therefore ties in to the prevailing theme of the film: a longing for honesty or truth. The main characters express frustration and contempt for the deceitfulness of modern life and strive to be "natural". In this context, a character who does nothing but watch may be interpreted as a personification of truth or justice, which, given that she is mute, has some interesting implications.

The woman's appearance, however, in relation to gender and power, is interesting after reading Cixous and Eilberg-Schwartz. She is modestly dressed with a veil hiding her hair, unlike the men, who all have long, unruly hair and frequently go shirtless and barefoot. The main male characters in the film are contrasted with the masked masses to highlight their agency. A face is a powerful asset, a symbol of agency. In Cixous and Eilberg-Schwartz's discussion of decapitation anxiety, which serves as an excellent response to Freud's simplistic and phallocentric idea of castration anxiety, Eilberg-Schwartz explains how the face, or head, is related to subjectivity: "To be silent, to have no subjectivity, is to be decapitated" (7). The men in the film with faces speak and sing, while the veiled woman and masked men are silent. This concept reminds me of a 1966 Japanese film, Tanin no kao (The Face of Another), by Hiroshi Teshigahara, in which the male protagonist is distraught over the destruction of his face in an industrial accident. He has a conversation with his wife in which they discuss why women wear make-up (here loosely translated).

He: It's to deceive men, isn't it?
She: Not even close. In the Tale of Genji era, hiding one's face was a sign of modesty. That's why women are described in the Tale of Genji only by their dark hair... It's the same even now in some Arab countries...
He: The make-up's a sort of mask, too.
She: To be humble... The thinking goes, as long as a woman is a woman, her face isn't good enough to be seen without make-up.

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